Semiotics

 SEMIOTICS 

Part 1: English by Tarun Thind analysis 

1) What meanings are the audience encouraged to take about the two main characters from the opening of the film?  

Right from the start, we get a sense of who the two main characters are. One feels more reserved, maybe a bit lost in thought, while the other seems full of life and energy. This immediate contrast draws us in, making us curious about how their different personalities will clash or complement each other. We’re encouraged to connect with them—understanding their struggles, hopes, and what might drive them apart or bring them together. It’s a relatable setup that hints at the complexities of friendships and relationships we all experience. 

2) How does the end of the film emphasise de Saussure’s belief that signs are polysemic – open to interpretation or more than one meaning? 

By the end of the film, things aren’t neatly tied up, and that’s where it gets interesting. The conclusion leaves us with a sense of ambiguity, allowing us to interpret it in various ways. Maybe we see a glimmer of hope for the characters, or perhaps we feel the weight of unresolved tension. This openness reflects how real-life situations often don’t have clear answers, making us think about our own relationships and the mixed feelings that come with them. It’s like a conversation that continues long after the credits roll, inviting us to reflect on our own experiences and the multiple meanings behind our connections with others. 

 Part 2: Media Magazine theory drop - Semiotics  

 

1) What did Ferdinand de Saussure suggest are the two parts that make up a sign?  

Ferdinand de Saussure suggested that every sign is made up of two key parts: the signifier, which is the actual form we see or hear (like a word, an image, or a sound), and the signified, which is the idea or concept that this form represents. Think of it like a picture of a tree (the signifier) that makes you think of the concept of “tree” (the signified). Together, they create meaning in our minds.
2) What does ‘polysemy’ mean? 

Polysemy is a fancy term for the idea that a single sign can mean different things to different people. For example, a red rose might symbolize love for some but could also represent passion or even friendship for others. It’s all about context and personal interpretation, which is pretty cool because it shows how rich our communication can be. 
 
3) What does Barthes mean when he suggests signs can become ‘naturalised’? 

When Barthes talks about signs becoming ‘naturalised,’ he’s pointing out that certain meanings can feel so ingrained in our culture that we accept them without even thinking. For instance, the color white often represents purity in many cultures. We take these associations for granted, but they’re really shaped by societal norms. This idea reminds us to be aware of the messages we consume and the beliefs we might unconsciously adopt. 
 
 4) What are Barthes’ 5 narrative codes? 

 Barthes identified five narrative codes that help us unpack stories: 

• Hermeneutic Code: This is all about the mysteries and questions that keep us hooked. Think of a suspenseful plot twist that makes you want to keep watching. 

• Proairetic Code: These are the actions and events that build tension. Imagine a character about to make a big decision—your heart races! 

• Semantic Code: This involves the deeper meanings behind certain symbols and words. For example, a broken mirror might suggest fractured identity. 

• Symbolic Code: These codes highlight themes and contrasts, adding depth to the narrative. A classic example is the battle between good and evil. 

• Cultural Code: This draws on shared knowledge and beliefs, like social issues or historical contexts that resonate with the audience. 

 

 

5) How does the writer suggest Russian Doll (Netflix) uses narrative codes?  

In Russian Doll, the writer suggests that these narrative codes are cleverly woven throughout the story. The hermeneutic code comes into play with the main character’s repeated deaths and resurrections, leaving us wondering what’s going on. The proairetic code builds suspense as we watch her navigate each time loop, hoping she’ll find a way out. The semantic and symbolic codes enrich the themes of self-discovery and existential questions, making us think about our own lives. Lastly, the cultural code resonates with viewers through relatable experiences and societal commentary, making the show feel both personal and universal. 
 

 

Part 3: Icons, indexes and symbols 

 

1) Find two examples for each: icon, index and symbol. Provide images or links. 

 

Icon:  

Example 1: A photograph of a cat. It visually resembles a real cat.  

Example 2: A map symbol of a hospital (a cross). It visually represents a hospital. 

 
Index: 

Example 1: Smoke indicating fire. The presence of smoke is a direct indication that there’s a fire nearby.  

Example 2: A thermometer reading to show temperature. The number directly corresponds to a measurement of heat. 

 

Symbol:  

Example 1: The dove as a symbol of peace. It represents the concept of peace but does not visually resemble it.  

Example 2: The color red often symbolizes love or danger. The color itself does not inherently convey these meanings. 

 

2) Why are icons and indexes so important in media texts? 

Icons and indexes are crucial in media texts because they convey meaning quickly and intuitively. Icons are easily recognizable and allow for immediate understanding, while indexes provide a direct connection to reality, helping audiences interpret context without needing extensive explanations. This visual shorthand is especially important in our fast-paced media environment, where viewers often scan for information quickly. 
 
3) Why might global brands try and avoid symbols in their advertising and marketing? 

Global brands often steer clear of symbols in their marketing because symbols can mean different things in different cultures. For instance, a gesture that’s positive in one country might be offensive in another. By sticking to more universally recognized icons and indexes, brands can communicate their messages more clearly and avoid any cultural slip-ups that could lead to misunderstandings. 

 

4) Find an example of a media text (e.g. advert) where the producer has accidentally communicated the wrong meaning using icons, indexes or symbols. Why did the media product fail? (This web feature on bad ads and marketing fails provides some compelling examples). 

Find two examples for each: icon, index and symbol. Provide images or links. Icon: Index: Symbol: 2) Why are icons and indexes so important in media texts? 3) Why might global brands try and avoid symbols in their advertising and marketing? 4) Find an example of a media text (e.g. advert) where the producer has accidentally communicated the wrong meaning using icons, indexes or symbols. Why did the media product fail? (This web feature on bad ads and marketing fails provides some compelling examples). 5) Find an example of a media text (e.g. advert) that successfully uses icons or indexes to create a message that can be easily understood across the world. 
 
5) Find an example of a media text (e.g. advert) that successfully uses icons or indexes to create a message that can be easily understood across the world. 

A great example of successful use of icons is McDonald’s advertisements, which often feature the golden arches logo along with images of their popular menu items. The logo is instantly recognizable, and when paired with visuals of burgers or fries, it effectively communicates a message of fast food and convenience. This strategy works well globally, as the imagery is familiar and easily understood, no matter where you are.